Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance approach in people with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis is the most important cause of non‐injury‐related disability in young adults. The disease has unknown causes and distresses and affects daily activities. While therapeutic interventions mainly focus on body function and structure to reduce impairment, Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO‐OP) is a cognitive approach that provides intervention at the level of activity and participation. Purpose We aim to examine the effects of CO‐OP approach on fatigue, quality of life, occupational performance, and satisfaction in people living with multiple sclerosis; and to examine whether they could transfer strategies and skills learned during CO‐OP to untrained goals. Methods A pre‐post design was used. Assessment tools included Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, Fatigue Impact Scale and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Six individuals living with multiple sclerosis participated in 10 CO‐OP sessions twice a week. The sessions were held in an environment of the participants' choice, along with an extra session added to determine the goals. The study was registered in the ethics committee of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (IR.USWR.REC.1399.089). Results The performance improved (2‐point positive change) in 12 out of 18 trained goals and in three out of six untrained goals (self‐report). The improvement was maintained at a 3‐month follow‐up assessment. There was a statistically significant difference in Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ( χ 2 = 11.565, p = 0.003 same for performance and satisfaction scores), Fatigue Impact Scale ( χ 2 = 7.000, p = 0.030), and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale scores over time ( χ 2 = 9.478, p = 0.009) respectively. Conclusion The CO‐OP approach has the potential to improve daily activity performance, reduce pain, and improve the quality of life for people living with multiple sclerosis. A definitive randomised controlled trial is required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".