Composition Control in Molecular Cluster-Aggregates: A Toolbox for Optical Output Tunability <i>via</i> Energy Transfer Pathways
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Composition control is a powerful tool for obtaining high-performance lanthanide (Ln) luminescent materials with adjustable optical outputs. This strategy is well-established for hierarchically structured nanoparticles, but it is rarely applied to molecular compounds due to the limited number of metal centers within a single unit. In this work, we present a series of molecular cluster-aggregates (MCAs) with an icosanuclear core {Ln 2 Eu 2 Tb 16 } (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) in which we explore composition control, akin to nanoparticles, to modulate the optical output. More specifically, we target to understand how the presence of a third Ln III doping ion would impact the well-known Tb III → Eu III energy transfer and the ratiometric optical thermometry performance based on the Tb III /Eu III pair. Photophysical properties at room and at varying temperatures were investigated. Based on experimental data and well-established intrinsic features, such as spin–orbit coupling strength and Ln III 4 f energy levels’ structure, we discuss the possible luminescent processes present in each MCA and provide insight into qualitative trends that can be rationally correlated throughout the series.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".