The robotic approach to the passive interlocking mechanism in the hindlimb musculoskeletal system of <i>Crocodylus porosus</i>
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficient locomotion in terrestrial vertebrates relies on intra-limb coordination that emerges through interaction with the environment and passive interlocking of the musculoskeletal system. These structures have been well investigated in some mammals and birds, but the presence of similar structures in other terrestrial vertebrates has been under appreciated. This study addresses the functionality of the passive interlocking system in reptilian hindlimb locomotion by dissecting Crocodylus porosus and constructing a robot. Based on the dissection, we hypothesized that the passive interlocking mechanism consisted of multiple muscles to maintain the semi-erect limb posture and support its weight. The mechanism is provided by the caudifemoralis longus muscle, along with its tendon and the gastrocnemius externus, acting as a passive element that interacts with the ground reaction force. Accordingly, the feasibility of the interlocking function was demonstrated by a robot implementing the hindlimb and pelvic musculoskeletal system of crocodilians. This study provides new insights into the locomotion mechanism of crocodilians and emphasizes the importance of passive interlocking in efficient locomotion in terrestrial vertebrates. The findings could have implications for developing biomimetic robots and understanding the evolution of terrestrial locomotion in vertebrates.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it