Successful Design and Execution of First Multi-Stage-Fractured Horizontal Pilot Well in Low Permeability Reservoir in Oman
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Using hydraulically fractured vertical wells (HFVW) to develop low permeability flank area with poor reservoir properties lead to suboptimal production. In 2022, Shell Oman successfully drilled, cemented, completed, and tested the first multi-stage fractured horizontal well (MSFHW) pilot. The MSFHW delivered 1045m lateral length in MMQ sandstone at TVD of 5000+m with 12 fractures in 10 stages. A companion HFVW with 630m offset from the MFHW was drilled and logged for formation property control. A 3D hydraulic fracturing model was built based on logs in both wells, which was calibrated using a variety of measurements, such as DFITs, sonic logs, RA tracer logs in offset wells. The calibrated model provided fracture geometries and conductivity to be used in modelling of horizontal pilot fracturing. These results enabled to develop a comprehensive plan to systematically design, execute, monitor, and verify the hydraulic fracturing operation for the pilot well. Specifically, fracture height in the vertical well with a small perforation interval is assumed very close to transverse fractures along the MSFHW. This allows designing fracture height evaluation program in the VW to assess transverse fracture heights of the MFHW, which is imperative for success of the horizontal pilot. Integrated hydraulic fracturing and reservoir dynamic simulations were also conducted. The modeling results helped optimize HW hydraulic fracturing, improve well performance, understand advantages and limitations of MSFHWs over HFVWs and better develop poorer areas. The paper will also address some of the unconventional technologies applied in fracture fluid and placement. For the first time in Oman application of pump down plug and perf for deep tight HPHT well, use of natural sand/proppant to enhance fracture placement and optimization of placement design will be discussed. Well tests results from both VW and MSFHW confirmed the pre-frac design and expectation of the well performances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".