OP32.02: Extra‐brain ultrasound abnormalities in fetuses with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several studies reported that the presence of abnormalities at prenatal ultrasound (US) examination is strong and independent prenatal predictors for a poor outcome. However, the incidence of fetal extra-brain US abnormalities secondary to congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is yet to be established. The main aim of this study was to quantify fetal extra-brain US abnormalities secondary to congenital CMV infection. Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched electronically utilising combinations of the relevant medical subject heading for “Cytomegalovirus infection” and “ultrasound”. Studies reporting data on the prenatal extra-brain US findings in fetuses with confirmed congenital CMV infection were included. The outcomes assessed included extra-brain abnormalities associated with congenital CMV infection. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies. Meta-analyses of proportions were used to combine data. A total of 982 articles were identified, 48 were assessed with respect to their eligibility for inclusion and total of 6 studies were included in the systematic review. The most common extra-brain US abnormalities detected during the second trimester of pregnancy were: echogenic bowel (7.7%) and oligo-anyhydramnios (3.9%). The most common extra-brain US abnormalities detected during the third trimester of pregnancy were: IUGR (17.9%), echogenic bowel (11.5%), ascites (11.2%), and placentomegaly (11.2%). Pericardial effusion, hepatomegaly, hepatic calcifications, cardiomegaly and oligo-anyhydramnios were demonstrated in less than 10% of these fetuses. The prevalence of extra-brain abnormalities is higher in the third trimester, and the most common abnormality was intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (18%) and echogenic bowel (12%). The higher prevalence later in pregnancy justifies the importance of serial targeted US examination during the third trimester of pregnancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.019 | 0.033 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".