Effect of Demeter Adjuvant (Rizospray Extremo) in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Herbicide Mixtures for Effective Weed Control in a Matured Oil Palm Plantation in Western Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An Adjuvant is an additive chemical that is known to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides like herbicides by helping to improve the absorption of the herbicides by weeds and may eventually help to reduce the dosage of the herbicides used. In the current trial, the adjuvant (Rizospray Extremo) was applied at 3 rates, i.e., 73 ml/ha, 109 ml/ha and 145 ml/ha. The herbicide mixtures used for the trial were glyphosate (glyphader) and triclopyr (garlon) mixtures at 436 ml/ha and 182 ml/ha respectively (60 mls glyphosate + garlon at 25 mls mixed in 15 litres of water). The herbicide control was glyphosate at 436 ml/ha + garlon at 182 ml/ha (with no adjuvant) whiles one plot was used as the no herbicide control. Weeds on the site include both soft weeds and woodies. Observations on weed mortality were made on weekly basis. Generally, herbicide application (with and without the adjuvant) effectively controlled the soft weeds at the site. Percentage weed growth reduction and herbicide efficacies generally increased with increasing rates of the adjuvant. Highest herbicide efficacy of 96% was obtained by the use of the adjuvant at 145 ml/ha. The treatments differed significantly mostly in their levels of control of the woody weeds at the site with adjuvant application at 145 ml/ha inducing the highest control of woody weeds (herbicide efficacy of 95.7%), whiles Adjuvant application at 73 ml/ha induced an efficacy of 88.91% on the woodies at the site. Glyphosate plus garlon application (without the use of adjuvant) induced an efficacy of 78.39%. The adjuvant was very effective in controlling weeds with waxy cuticles like the Thaumatococcus spp which were not effectively controlled without the use of theand adjuvant. The adjuvant (Rizospray Extremo) is therefore recommended for use in herbicide mixtures for spot spraying of woodies or noxious weeds at the site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".