Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among Japanese elementary and junior high school students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background For optimal health benefits, the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (aged 5-17 years) recommend an achievement of ≥ 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), <2 h of recreational screen time (ST), and 9-11 h for 5-13 years or 8-10 h for 14-17 years of sleep time (SLT) each day. There is little evidence showing the proportion of the recommendation in Japan, so we need to investigate. The aim of this study thus was to reveal the compliance to the recommendation with a large sample of Japanese elementary and junior high school children. Methods This study included 2408 students enrolled in fifth grade (aged 10-11 years) in 31 elementary schools, and 4360 students enrolled in eighth grade (aged 13-14 years) in 30 junior high schools. Each behaviour was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. To analyze the differences in adherence to the recommendation between the school-aged group, we conducted a chi-analysis. Results Overall, only 4% of participants complied with all three recommendations, and 20% of the students did not comply with any of the recommendations (χ2=1390.87;p<.001). Compared with MVPA and ST, SLT had a trend to be likely to achieve the recommendation in each school-age group. Elementary school students had a higher percentage of non-adherence to all recommendations (39%) than junior high school students (10.3%). The adherence to the recommendation of the ST & SLT simultaneously had no differences in each age group (11.5% for elementary schoolers and 12.7% for junior high schoolers). However, adherence to the recommendation of MVPA only, ST only, and MVPA & ST were higher in elementary schoolers, and the adherence to the recommendation of SLT only and MVPA & SLT were higher in junior high schoolers. Conclusions The proportion of adherence to at least one of the three recommendations is better in junior high school students than elementary school students in Okinawa, Japan. Key messages Health behaviour required improvement may differ by age group. It is necessary for particularly elementary school children in Okinawa to take proper countermeasures to improve the movement behaviours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".