Bibliographic record
Abstract
T he belief in progress has been, and many argue still is, a central and driving force in Western culture.Augustine's magisterial work The City of God 1 is a response to various ancient ideas of progress, and in responding to these he also sets forth his own theological understanding of the origin, progress, and consummation of human history.In traditional theological terms, this is the domain of the doctrine of providence, but it is instructive to set Augustine's thought in conversation -as he so clearly desires towith competing systems of thought, for it is especially in comparison that Augustine's theology of history is revealed for its radical reformulation of ancient thought.In this essay, then, I will set forth a constructive portrayal of Augustine's theological idea of progress as presented in The City of God.Augustine in no way offers a general theory of progress that might be universally recognized in history; however, there is progress nonetheless as the city of God, alongside and in opposition to the earthly city, develops as a pilgrim in the world from the time of Adam and progresses until the final judgment when the two cities will at last be separated.In particular, I will argue that, even in the present age (for him the sixth and final historical age), Augustine understands there to be progress in the Church as it is being built up through love into a perfect man (XXII.18).This progress in love is both vertical and horizontal in that Augustine understands the Christian hope to be both an enduring participation in God through Christ, and a responsible participation in the world through the body of Christ. Two Ideas of Progress in the Ancient Roman WorldIf the idea of progress is going to be a useful tool for understanding both 1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".