A Genealogy of Devotion: Bhakti, Tantra, Yoga and Sufism in North India, by Patton Burchett
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With A Genealogy of Devotion: Bhakti, Tantra, Yoga and Sufism in North India, Patton Burchett has injected further nuance into the persisting popular and scholarly narrative that devotional religiosity spread throughout India by way of a unified "bhakti movement."Utilizing historical and text-critical approaches, in addition to a wealth of secondary sources, Burchett argues that the ostensibly discrete categories of tantric, yogic, and Islamic religiosity are all imbricated in the historical formations of North Indian bhakti.In the process, he advocates for bhakti movements in the plural, suggesting that "we would be better served to imagine that at different times, each of the various regions of India had its own distinctive, multivocal bhakti movement shaped by regionally and historically specific social, political, and cultural factors" (2).Burchett characterizes the early modern North Indian devotional movement as the growth of a "transregional, transsectarian bhakti sensibifity" united by similar aesthetic tastes, a common moral sense, and shared valuation of emotional expression (17).This sensibifity was heavily influenced by the Sufism of the Sultanate and Mughal periods, so Islam plays a significant role in Burchett's historiography of North Indian bhakti, marking a major challenge to the Hindu nationalist implications of a singular "movement" (82).Burchett begins his historiographical reconfiguring of North Indian bhakti in what he calls the "Tantric Age" (600-1200 CE).In this period, tantra was mainstream, its monastic orders and Arc -
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".