Congenital segmental dilatation of the intestine: an in-depth review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Congenital segmental dilatation of the intestine (CSDI) is a rare gastrointestinal condition.We conducted a scoping review through MEDLINE and Google Scholar, collecting data from 1959 through August 2020 to better understand this peculiar disease.Methods: The clinical and pathological features of 150 patients were reviewed.Results: The mean age was 25.9 days, and 61.3% of patients were male.An antenatal diagnosis was made in 15.3% of patients.Predominant symptoms included abdominal distension (83.9%) and vomiting (61.3%).Pallor and anemia were associated with ileal CSDI.The most common sites of the lesion were the ileum (56%) and colon (27.3%).Associated anomalies occurred in 57.3% of the patients, of which the most common included other abnormalities of the digestive system (69.8%),abdominal wall (19.8%), and cardiovascular system (11.6%).Resection and anastomosis was performed in 83.3% of patients.Postoperative complications occurred in 10%.Normal ganglion cells were commonly found (97.3%), while muscle layer hypertrophy and atrophy were found in 14.7% and 13.3% of the patients, respectively.Abnormal interstitial cells of Cajal were identified in four patients.Death occurred in 12.7% of patients.Demise was significantly associated with the duodenal location of CSDI (Mantel-Cox test, p ¼ 0.002).Conclusion: CSDI remains poorly understood, and mortality is associated chiefly with its duodenal location.Further research is needed, and biorepositories should be promptly set up to study this disease in the future better. HIGHLIGHTS� What is currently known about the topic?CSDI is a sporadic condition, which can represent a challenge for neonatologists.� What new information is contained in this article?Pallor and anemia are found explicitly in ileal CSD, and the duodenal location of CSDI is associated with the highest mortality rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".