Population-based study of <i>Morganella-Proteus-Providencia</i> group bloodstream infections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of Morganella-Proteus-Providencia (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MPP group bloodstream infections (BSI), and explore species-specific differences. Methods: Population-based surveillance was conducted in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada, between April 1, 2010 and March 30, 2020. Results: Sixty-two incident MPP group BSI occurred for an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100,000 residents; rates for Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia species were 0.5, 2.6, and 0.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The median year of age was 72.5 and was different ( p = 0.03) among the groups. Most (92%) MPP group BSIs were of community-onset. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of clinical focus of infection, with most notably 81% of P. mirabilis BSI due to genitourinary focus as compared to 60% and 22% for Providencia species and M. morganii, respectively. Comorbid illnesses that increased the risk for development of MPP group BSI (incidence rate ratio; 95% CI) were HIV infection (37.0; 4.4–139.6), dementia (11.5; 6.1–20.7), cancer (6.4; 3.2–11.9), stroke 6.5 (2.8–13.3), and diabetes 2.7 (1.3–5.0). Thirteen, one, and none of the cases with P. mirabilis, M. morganii, and Providencia species BSI died within 30 days of index culture for respective all cause case-fatalities of 27%, 11%, and 0% ( p = 0.1). Conclusions: Although collectively responsible for a substantial burden of illness, the epidemiology of MPP group BSI varies significantly by species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".