Cardiopulmonary response to exercise in adults born very preterm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to compare cardiopulmonary response to aerobic exercise between young adults born very preterm, including a subgroup with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and term controls. Seventy-one adults (18–29 years) born <30 weeks’ gestational age (24 with BPD) and 73 term controls were recruited. Assessment included cardiopulmonary exercise testing with impedance cardiography. We compared group differences in peak O2consumption (peak VO2) and in ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to exercise using linear regression analyses. Preterm participants had reduced peak VO2(mean difference −2.7; 95% CI −5.3, −0.1 mL·kg−1lean body mass·min−1)versuscontrols. Those with BPD achieved lower peak work-rate compared to term controls (−21; 95% CI −38, −5 watts). There was no difference across groups in breathing reserve, ventilatory efficiency, peak heart rate and cardiac output. VO2to work-rate relationship (ΔVO2/ΔWR) was reduced in pretermversusterm. Peak systolic blood pressure and circulatory power (systolic blood pressure*VO2) were also lower in BPDversusterm controls. In the preterm group, longer NICU stay and lower peak cardiac output were associated with lower peak VO2. Results suggest limitations with peripheral O2uptake in the muscle with reduced ΔVO2/ΔWR and peak circulatory power, but normal cardiac output. Investigations into skeletal muscle perfusion and O2use during exercise are warranted to better understand mechanisms of exercise limitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".