Evaluation of Granite Deformation Through Non-Compliant Versus Compliant Indirect Tensile Strength Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rock deformation evaluation as an essential approach for rock characterization and property determination has been examined via several methods through experimental and simulation studies. Such methods are reported to be conventional techniques applied to define the rock stress-strain relationship that consists of several regions including elastic and plastic regions. The load-displacement relationship also determines the yield and the breakage limits and shows the overall rock deformation behavior. The focus of this research is to evaluate the rock deformation behaviour through the implementation of compliant loading versus non-compliant. In this new approach and unconventional testing technique, the ultimate rock strength through rigid compression and the trend of the load-displacement curve were firstly determined. Secondly, Belleville springs were utilized in various stacks as per their full compression loads to determine the compression levels of 50% and 100% compression ranges of the non-compliant loading application. Results of testing about 150 samples of granite as high strength formation by indirect tensile tests, the compliant loading using Belleville conical disc springs compared with the non-compliant “rigid” loading was observed to influence the load-displacement curve to shift and the ultimate rock main failure to delay in the favor of compliant loading. Results also showed changes in granite fracture mode from pure and clean tensile in the case of non-compliant to a combination of tensile with rupture fractures in the 50% and the 100 compliant application. Such curve shift, rock failure delay, fracture modes, and overall deformation behaviour allow providing valuable data for controlling and predicting rock failure. This could also be used in optimally applying drilling parameters to evaluate rock fragmentation, improve the rate of penetration, and for safely designing civil structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".