Optimal Extrusion Shape for Fabricating Aluminium Bridge Deck Using Assembly-Based Friction Stir Welding with Bobbin Tool
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents an optimal extrusion geometry for fabricating a bridge deck. The profile of the extrusion enables the possibility of welding onto another extrusion through butt joints only. This type of welding joint is optimal in terms of both the ultimate resistance and the fatigue performance. Thus, the aluminium deck will be manufactured by welding these extrusions together through the bobbin tool friction stir welding process, resulting in a full-penetration weld, free of the kissing bond and the flash toe defects, and in which the thermal input and the stirring are symmetrical on both outer sides of the butt joint. Therefore, this geometry addresses the shortcomings of both the MIG and the conventional FSW processes and significantly increases the lifespan of the aluminium deck. This article will present the scientific and technical approach, based on the Canadian standard CSA S6:19, and will present an example of application on an aluminium/glued laminated timber bridge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".