Reducing mineral fertilizer use for sustainable agriculture: The influence of seed coating with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores and Leifsonia bacteria on maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been proposed as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Nevertheless, many of the delivery approaches for these beneficial microorganisms have the disadvantage of limited applicability. The study aim was to evaluate the fertilizing potential of seed coating with microbial fertilizers on growth and yield parameters of maize and sorghum. Field trials were conducted using a seed coating technique where AMF spores (Rhizophagus fasciculatus and Rhizophagus aggregatus) and PGPR (Leifsonia sp.) were applied around the seeds of maize (Early-Thai) and sorghum (Nganda). Experiments included the following treatments: Coated seed, coated seed in combination with mineral fertilizer (NPK, 15-15-15) at 75 kg/ha, uncoated seed without fertilizer and NPK fertilizer applied at 150 kg/ha. Data were collected on root AMF colonization, plant growth, yield parameters and soil AMF spore richness and density. Research in this area suggests that there is little likelihood of a significant response from seed coating, despite high root AMF colonization rates. However, plants treated with microbial fertilizer in combination with 50% NPK fertilizer achieved significantly higher final heights and yields for both maize and sorghum. Plant production achieved reached that of NPK fertilizer at 150 kg/ha, suggesting that in our case of poor soils, the application of microbial fertilizer alone is not sufficient to achieve significant improvements in plant production. We also found that neither microbial fertilizer, nor mineral treatments had any effect on spore morphotype richness. However, seed coating further increased the spore density. Key words: Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, seed coating, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, fertilizers, growth and yield, field trial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".