Thyroid hormone induces restrictive cardiomyopathy in β1-adrenoceptor knockout mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the role of β1-AR signaling and its cross-talk between cardiac renin–angiotensin system and thyroid-hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. T3 was administered at 0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 10 days in β1-KOT3 and WTT3 groups, while control groups received vehicle alone. Echocardiography and myocardial histology was performed; cardiac and serum ANGI/ANGII and ANP and cardiac levels of p-PKA, p-ERK1/2, p-p38-MAPK, p-AKT, p-4EBP1, and ACE were measured. WTT3 showed decreased IVSTd and increased LVEDD versus WTsal ( p < 0.05). β1-KOT3 exhibited lower LVEDD and higher relative IVSTd versus β1-KOsal, the lowest levels of ejection fraction, and the highest levels of cardiomyocyte diameter ( p < 0.05). Cardiac ANP levels decreased in WTT3 versus β1-KOT3 ( p < 0.05). Cardiac ACE expression was increased in T3-treated groups ( p < 0.05). Phosphorylated-p38 MAPK levels were higher in WTT3 versus WTsal or β1-KOT3, p-4EBP1 was elevated in β1-KO animals, and p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in β1-KOT3. These findings suggest that β1-AR signaling is crucial for TiCH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".