Feasibility Of High-intensity Interval Training For Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer During Or After Intravesical Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is tumor resection followed by 6 weekly instillations of chemotherapy or immunotherapy into the bladder (i.e. intravesical therapy). NMIBC and its treatments affect patient functioning and quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is feasible, safe, and beneficial for many chronic diseases including cancer, however, no studies have examined HIIT for NMIBC. PURPOSE: To examine the feasibility of HIIT for NMIBC during or after intravesical therapy. METHODS: The Bladder cancer and exeRcise trAining during or after intraVesical thErapy (BRAVE) trial is an ongoing phase II randomized clinical trial in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. NMIBC patients scheduled to receive or who have received intravesical therapy are randomized to either usual care or exercise. The exercise group performs a thrice-weekly, supervised, HIIT program for 12-weeks consisting of 4 intervals of 4 min of high-intensity exercise (75-95% VO2peak) alternated with 3 min recovery intervals (40% VO2peak). Feasibility of HIIT is being evaluated primarily by adherence (attendance and protocol compliance ≥70%), and attrition rates (≤25%). RESULTS: In 18 months of accrual, 308 NMIBC patients were screened for eligibility, 134 (43.5%) were eligible, and 18 (13.4%) were randomized. Ineligible patients were mostly out of town (57.6%) or had medical issues (25.6%). Patients have declined because they were not interested (43.9%) or the travel distance (19.3%). Of the 10 patients randomized to exercise, attendance to the HIIT sessions is 77.8 % (36 sessions, 95%CI: 15.1 to 36.4) and compliance to the HIIT protocol is 98.1%. Reasons for missed sessions were work (34 sessions), complications due to COVID19 (18 sessions), lymphedema (14 sessions), treatment-related side effects (4 sessions), and traveling (2 sessions). Two participants (20%) discontinued the intervention due to lower limb lymphedema possibly exacerbated by exercise (n = 1) and work (n = 1). No serious adverse events occurred during the sessions. CONCLUSION: Preliminary data suggest HIIT is feasible for NMIBC during or after intravesical therapy. Future analyses of the BRAVE trial will report preliminary efficacy of HIIT on patient-reported and health-related fitness outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".