Anthropometry And Its Influence On Musculoskeletal And Cardiorespiratory Performance In University Female Ice Hockey Players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Female collegiate hockey players require elevated and sustained musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory performance during competition. Anthropometry has demonstrated to significantly influence both cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal performance in athletes. There remains a paucity of inquiry between these associations in female collegiate hockey players. PURPOSE: To examine the association between indices of anthropometry and both cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal performance in healthy female university hockey players. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy female university hockey players with an age of (mean ± SD) 19.9 ± 1.4 years old, a weight of 65.7 ± 8.3 kg, a height of 167.4 ± 5.1 cm, a body fat of 24.4 ± 5.9 %, fat free mass of 49.4 ± 4.2 kg, and a BMI of 23.4 ± 2.9 kg/m2 volunteered for this study. Musculoskeletal performance was examined using two consecutive 30-sec Wingate tests performed on a cycle ergometer (Monark 894e Peak Bike) with 1-min of active recovery between tests. A 5-min self directed warm-up was conducted before the first Wingate test. A flywheel resistance of 0.075/kg of body mass was utilized and participants were verbally encouraged throughout each test. Peak and average power (W) were calculated for each test and averaged before analysis. Cardiorespiratory performance was examined using the 20 m shuttle run (Beep Test). The accumulated distance from the last completed shuttle was used for analysis. A Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to examine the association between indices of anthropometry and both muscular function and cardiorespiratory performance. RESULTS: Significant inverse associations were observed between cardiorespiratory performance and body weight (r = -0.65, p < 0.001), BMI (r = -0.57, p < 0.001), body fat % (r = -0.49, p < 0.001), and fat free mass (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). Average power output demonstrated significant associations with body weight (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and fat free mass (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Body mass, regardless of composition, impedes cardiorespiratory performance in female university hockey players. However, fat free mass and total body mass are associated with enhanced musculoskeletal performance. Coaches are encouraged to evaluate the optimal balance in anthropometry to maximize both health and performance in their athletes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".