Light Physical Activity Time Of Day And Vascular Insulin Sensitivity In Metabolic Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reduced endothelial function and insulin sensitivity are linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it is unclear whether the time of day when light physical activity (LPA) occurs affects vascular insulin sensitivity. PURPOSE: Examine the relationship between LPA time of day, endothelial function, and vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with MetS METHODS: Thirty-six adults with MetS were classified as morning (MOR, 6:00 AM-10:59 AM, n = 14, 9F), midday (MID, 11:00 AM-2:59 PM, n = 10, 7F), or afternoon (AFT, 3:00 PM-7:00 PM, n = 12, 7F) by active LPA time using 7-d tri-axial hip-worn accelerometry (Actigraph). Time of day was defined by which part of the day had the highest percentage (>50%) of LPA. A 120 min hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min, 90 mg/dl) was completed to assess macrovascular insulin sensitivity via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (%FMD) and microvascular insulin sensitivity by post-ischemic flow velocity (PIFV, resistance arteriole). Shear stress, blood flow, and vascular conductance were calculated. Inflammation (CRP), as well as nitric oxide bioavailability (nitrate/nitrite) were examined at 0 and 120 min of the clamp. Fitness (VO2max), body composition (DXA and waist circumference) were also examined. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in weight (P = 0.35), VO2max (P = 0.68), fat mass (P = 0.61), or ATP III criteria (P = 0.65) among groups nor was there any differences in time spent in LPA (P = 0.11), moderate PA (P = 0.98), or moderate-vigorous PA (P = 0.88) among groups. MOR, MID, and AFT similarly increased insulin-stimulated blood flow (P < 0.01), vascular conductance (P < 0.01), and PIFV (P < 0.01). VO2max associated with increased insulin-stimulated FMD (r = 0.54, P < 0.01) but lowered shear rate (r = -0.46, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Time of day spent in LPA did not influence vascular insulin sensitivity. However, fitness associated with macrovascular insulin sensitivity. Future work is needed examine if exercise time of day enhances vascular insulin sensitivity to reduce CVD risk. Funding: NIH RO1-HL130296
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".