Accuracy And Precision Of A Gastrointestinal Core Temperature Telemetry System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When accurate and precise, gastrointestinal (GI) core temperature (Tc) capsules provide an excellent option for researchers and industry to monitor thermal stress. The accuracy and precision of GI thermometry have seen marked improvements, but still often possess non-zero biases and assured accuracies exceeding ±0.1C of other thermometry methods. This is despite GI capsule thermometry having a resolution of 0.01 °C resulting in an excellent potential for high accuracy and precision in temperature estimates. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a new Tc capsule. METHODS: 15 GI Tc capsules were tested at each 1 °C from 33 °C-43 °C in a circulating water bath in a TEST/RETEST format. Capsule temperatures were compared to a reference thermometer accurate to ±0.01 °C. The Bland-Altman method of analysis was used to assess bias. A one-way ANOVA was performed to assess for temperature-dependent bias. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intermeasure agreement, and the difference in bias between TEST/RETEST, were used to determine capsule reliability. Bias estimates were reported as mean ± 95% limit of agreement (LOA). RESULTS: Capsule bias was quite small at -0.02 °C ± 0.09 °C (p < .001) for each of OVERALL, TEST, and RETEST conditions with no outliers (difference vs reference thermometer > ± 0.20 °C). OVERALL bias was not uniform across temperature plateaus (F = 36.825, p < .001); differences ranged in magnitude from 0.00 °C - 0.07 °C with no indication °C ± 0.047 °C (p < .001) was observed in the difference between TEST and RETEST bias. However, the difference in bias was not homogenous across temperature plateaus, with differences in 22 of 55 post hoc comparisons. ICC estimates for TEST and RETEST were 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.00). CONCLUSION: The capsules within this system offer a very low systematic bias and excellent reliability in estimating temperature. Despite a low bias, the system's 99.9% LOA of °C exceeds the ±0.1 °C accuracy assurance attained using other thermometry methods following calibration. Therefore, while capsules are delivered pre-calibrated by the manufacturer, we recommend end users independently calibrate their capsules using several temperatures prior to use in order to harness the high accuracy and precision potential of GI thermometry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.031 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".