Characterizing Habitual Physical Activity And Sedentary Time Inpatients With An Acquired Brain Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
People with an acquired brain injury (ABI) may experience physical (e.g., headaches, paralysis), mental (e.g., fatigue, anxiety), and social (e.g., lack of motivation) deficits for years after their injury. ABI is an umbrella term that encompasses various injuries, including stroke or brain aneurysm (SBA) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Our understanding of activity levels within ABI populations is limited because it is often collected using inaccurate self-report measures that do not distinguish whether activity varies by injury type. PURPOSE: 1) objectively characterize the habitual activity levels of people with ABI using thigh-worn accelerometry, and 2) compare the activity levels of people with SBA versus mTBI. METHODS: A sample of 11 patients with SBA (60 ± 9 years, 7 females) and 8 patients with mTBI (47 ± 10 years, 7 females) wore an activPAL on their thigh for 24 hr/d for 7-d. RESULTS: In the pooled sample, people with ABI averaged 6.0 ± 2.5 hr/d of upright time, 4.6 ± 1.9 hr/d of standing time, 10.7 ± 2.2 hr/d of sedentary time, 4.9 ± 2.9 hr/d in prolonged sedentary bouts >1-hr, and 2.5 ± 0.6 sedentary breaks/hr. People with ABI accumulated 5981 ± 3163 steps/d, 72 ± 31 min/d of light-intensity physical activity, and 11 ± 15 min/d moderate-vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity. When comparing differences between types of ABI, the SBA group were more sedentary (SBA: 11.6 ± 2.0 hr/d vs. mTBI: 9.2 ± 1.7 hr/d; p = 0.02), engaged in more prolonged sedentary time (6.0 ± 2.7 hr/d vs. 3.1 ± 2.5 hr/d; p = 0.02), and spent less time in upright (5.1 ± 2.1 hr/d vs. 7.5 ± 2.4 hr/d; p = 0.04) and standing postures (3.8 ± 1.6 hr/d vs. 5.7 ± 1.7 hr/d; p = 0.02) than the mTBI group. These differences remained when controlling for age as a covariate (all, p < 0.62). Sedentary break frequency and physical activity levels were not different between groups (all, p = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Despite people with ABI being similarly inactive and highly sedentary, the SBA group spent more time in prolonged sedentary postures than the mTBI group. This indicates injury type may influence habitual movement behaviours of patients with ABI. Targeting reductions in sedentary time may be a more feasible strategy to improving movement behaviours than trying to help patients accumulate more physical activity, and injury type may impact time in sedentary postures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".