Sports-based Autonomic Nervous System (ans) Functions: Clinical Baseline For Sport Related Concussion (src) Management.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) shows evidence of sports-based ANS profiles at baseline that may be useful for post-concussive rehabilitation in elite sport settings. PURPOSE: Determine baseline heart rate variability (HRV) stability over time in athletes at risk of a sport related concussion (SRC); identify ANS profiles of athletes hypothesized as explosive or endurance having respectively predominantly sympathetic or parasympathetic ANS functions (Kuipers et al, 1988). METHODS:27 non-concussed national athletes (boxing = 6, artistic swimming = 6, short track speed skating = 9, water polo = 6), age 18 to 35 yrs, were assessed twice at a yearly interval between 2018-2020. Heart rate recorded during an orthostatic challenge with a motorised tilt table from supine to standing (7 minutes per position). HRV analysis performed on orthostatic challenge responses (absolute and relative percent change from supine to standing of HRV spectral and temporal variables). Repeated measures GLM (time x sport) to detect differences at p < .05. RESULTS: No detected differences for repeated (time) HRV variables within sports. Between (sports) boxing and water polo, percent point significant differences were detected for HF (22.05, p = 0.038, 95% CI LL: -42.51, UL: -1.60) and pNN50 (20.39, p = 0.027, 95% CI LL: -38.72, UL: -2.07), but not for LF (87.00, p = 0.176, 95% CI LL: -216.04, UL: 42.04) and RMSSD (21.41, p = 0.051, 95% CI LL: -42.91, UL: 0.09). CONCLUSION: HRV orthostatic challenge appears stable over time for assessing SRC. Boxing and water polo athletes show different ANS function profiles that seem consistent with the hypothesis of explosive and endurance sports, respectively. As well as water sports-based athletes in the current study appear to exhibit a predominantly parasympathetic profile when compared to the boxing and short track speed skating athletes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".