A Polyphenol-rich Cranberry Extract Inhibits The Lactate Response Following A 400 m Time Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyphenols have been associated with an array of health benefits, particularly through their antioxidative properties. It is unclear if those benefits can transfer to measurable performance gains in athletic populations. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract on time trial performance and lactate response in trained endurance runners. METHODS: This study included 15 trained endurance runners (9 males, 6 females) and occurred during the first couple months of the off-season. Participants were provided with a cranberry supplement containing more than 7.2% of A-type proanthocyanidin polyphenol and were asked to consume 0.3 g/kg of body mass/day for a period of 28 days. The athletes performed a 1500 m time trial followed by a 400 m time trial, with a 10-minute break in between, at the beginning and after the chronic consumption of cranberry. Blood lactate measurements were taken from the index of the non-dominant hand prior to and at 1 and 3 minutes after each test. Cohen’s effect sizes (ES) were used to estimate the impact of the cranberry supplement on performance during the time trials and lactate production. All data are reported as baseline versus post intervention means ± standard error. RESULTS: Performance on the time trial was moderately affected by the cranberry extract for the 400 m (70.36 ± 2.16 vs 69.64 ± 2.02 seconds, ES 0.27), but not for the 1500 m (306.57 ± 7.40 vs 305.57 ± 8.27 seconds, ES 0.11). The cranberry supplement altered the lactate response at 1 minute (11.90 ± 0.97 vs 10.57 ± 0.90 mmol, ES 0.55) and 3 minutes (11.09 ± 0.90 vs 10.49 ± 0.87 mmol, ES 0.30) post 400 m time, and to a lesser extent the clearance rate (-0.83 ± 0.73 vs -0.16 ± 0.32 mmol, ES -0.24), measured as the difference between minute 3 and 1. A small ES was observed in lactate response at minute 1 (9.73 ± 0.77 vs 9.20 ± 0.75 mmol, ES 0.25) for the 1500 m time trial, but none were observed at minute 3 (9.15 ± 0.76 vs 8.46 ± 1.04 mmol, ES 0.19) and for the clearance rate (-0.57 ± 0.39 vs -0.86 ± 0.51 mmol, ES 0.10). Baseline lactate measurements did not differ between testing days (1.93 ± 0.39 vs 1.89 ± 0.17 mmol, ES 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract for 28 days is sufficient to inhibit the lactate response in trained endurance runners performing a 400 m time trial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".