The Influence Of 6-weeks Resistance Training On Post-activation Performance Enhancement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is a phenomenon whereby strength is acutely increased following a conditioning stimulus. Previous research has suggested that PAPE is higher in resistance trained individuals. However, this has largely been determined from cross sectional studies, and only one study found a greater PAPE response following lower body resistance training. Thus, it was of interest to determine if resistance training among those who were initially untrained would enhance the PAPE responses. PURPOSE: To determine if PAPE is augmented following six weeks of resistance training for those who were originally untrained. METHODS: PAPE was assessed before and after six weeks of elbow flexion training (3 sessions per week). Non-resistance trained participants (66 women, 50 men) were randomized into one of three training groups. Group 1 only trained their dominant arm, performing a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test (five attempts maximum), followed by 4 sets of 8-12RM; Group 2 completed the same exercise as Group 1 on the dominant arm followed by 4 sets of 30-40RM on the non-dominant arm; and Group 3 only trained their non-dominant arm with 4 sets of 30-40RM. The variable of interest was the change in isokinetic strength (PAPE) in the dominant arm. There were two hypotheses: H1: the change is not different among groups or H2: the change is greater in Group 1 and 2 compared to Group 3. Hypotheses were tested using Bayes Factors for Informative Hypotheses. RESULTS: PAPE was evident before training [0.59 (0.13, 1.06) Nm]. The change in PAPE following training the intervention was not different among the three groups, which is supported by the posterior probability favoring H1 (0.81) indicating that the mean changes of Group 1 (0.14 Nm), Group 2 (-0.72 Nm), and Group 3 were not different from each other (-0.46 Nm). CONCLUSION: Six weeks elbow flexion training did not produce any changes in PAPE for any of the groups. This is in contrast to previous data which suggested that trained individuals have greater PAPE than those who are untrained. Support for this idea largely comes from cross-sectional work with only one other study investigating this change longitudinally. The discrepancy between the current study and previous work may be due to differences in exercise protocols and/or muscle groups trained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".