Repeatability Of Ad Libitum Fluid Intake During 1 H Exercise Sessions Conducted Under Hot Ambient Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ad libitum fluid intake is a strategy used by athletes. To what extent the amount of fluid consumed under ad libitum fluid intake conditions is repeatable across time under a given exercise scenario remains unknown. PURPOSE: Determine whether the variation in the amount of fluid consumed, % of sweat lost replaced and dehydration level associated with ad libitum fluid intake differs significantly between 1 h exercise sessions repeated on multiple occasions across time. METHODS: Twelve (9 men) non heat-acclimated athletes underwent 4 successive training weeks where they completed 3 standardized exercise sessions/week consisting in a 1 h exercise session with ad libitum fluid intake and two other sessions where exercise was maintained until a 2 or 4% body mass loss has been replaced with fluid. Exercise consisted in walking/running at 55% VO2max, 40 °C and 20% relative humidity. The goal of the 1 h exercise session was not mentioned to participants. No control was imposed on hydration, nutrition and training prior to the 1 h training sessions. During the 1 h exercise periods participants had free access to 20 °C water provided in opaque bottles. Body mass was measured prior to and following each exercise. Heart rate and rectal temperature were measured at 10 min intervals during exercise. RESULTS: Only results pertaining to the 1 h exercise sessions are reported. Mean body mass (72.1 ± 12.3 kg) prior to each exercise sessions did not differ among weeks (p = 0.18), indicating a similar hydration state prior to exercise. Sweat loss (1272 ± 400 mL, p = 0.36) and heart rate (131 ± 21 b/min, p = 0.06) did not change across weeks. Mean rectal temperature was significantly higher during week 1 (38.26 ± 0.23 °C) than week 2 (38.14 ± 0.23 °C) or 3 (38.15 ± 0.23 °C), but no difference was observed with week 4 (38.25 ± 0.23 °C, p = 0.73). Ad libitum fluid intake was similar among weeks (W1: 952 ± 770; W2: 1010 ± 449; W3: 1053 ± 402; W4: 1117 ± 431 mL, p = 0.54), as was the % of sweat loss replaced (W1: 77 ± 57; W2: 86 ± 38; W3: 88 ± 33; W4: 87 ± 32 %, p = 0.56) and dehydration level (W1: 0.44 ± 1.03; W2: 0.31 ± 0.66; W3: 0.26 ± 0.60; W4: 0.31 ± 0.64 % body mass, p = 0.62). CONCLUSION: Ad libitum fluid intake during 4 successive identical 1 h training sessions conducted in the heat will result in similar volumes of fluid intake and perturbations in fluid balance and heart rate and rectal temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".