Diabetes Diagnosis Is Not Associated With Lifestyle Behaviors In Peri- And Post-menopausal Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: There is an increasing prevalence of pre- and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnoses in Canada and globally. In addition, DM is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the most common cause of mortality in those with DM. Improving lifestyle behaviors (e.g., physical activity, diet, weight management) is a key component of DM management and CVD-risk reduction. However, a lack of time, support, and additional burdens are cited as common barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviors among women. This study aimed to examine the association between DM diagnosis and healthy lifestyle behaviors in older women compared to older women without DM. METHODS: Peri- and post-menopausal women ≥50 years without CVD were recruited across Ontario, Canada. Pre- and type 2 DM diagnoses were self-reported and combined in the DM group. Waist circumference and body weight were measured virtually with mailed tools, and daily fruit/vegetable intake was determined from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), step count and sedentary time were measured by physical activity watches worn continuously for 4-7 days. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association of DM status and lifestyle variables. Models were adjusted for ethnicity, income, body mass index and calorie intake. RESULTS: To date, 78 women have enrolled, 46 with DM (age 60 ± 5.8 y, BMI 31.8 ± 7.4 kg/m2), and 32 without DM (age 61 ± 6.0 y, BMI 33.8 ± 8.4 kg/m2). Overall, both groups had moderate MVPA but otherwise poor lifestyle behaviors on average (DM: 167 min MVPA/wk, 12.4 h sedentary time/day, 6798 steps/day, 1.9 times/day fruit/vegetable intake, 100 cm waist circumference; without DM: 166 min MVPA/wk, 12.8 h sedentary time/day, 7084 steps/day, 1.5 times/day fruit/vegetable intake, 105 cm waist circumference). In the adjusted model, DM diagnosis was not associated with waist circumference, fruit/vegetable intake, MVPA, sedentary time, or step count (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A pre- or type 2 DM diagnosis in older women did not appear to impact healthy lifestyle behaviors compared to women without a DM diagnosis. There is a need for novel and feasible methods of improving healthy lifestyle behaviors to support women pre- and post-DM diagnosis that consider barriers to uptake. Supported by CCS and CIHR
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".