Migraine and Tension-type Headache in Parkinson’s Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy/Corticobasal Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To compare the prevalence and characteristics of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal syndrome (PSP/CBS), and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: This cross-sectional study involved the collection of data from consecutive PD (n = 81) and PSP/CBS (n = 21) patients along with 104 HCs. Migraine and TTH were diagnosed using the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 rd edition criteria. Demographic data, PD or PSP/CBS details, and the presence and characteristics of migraine and TTH were collected. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Pittsburgh Sleep-Quality Index were used to assess cognition, depression, and sleep quality, respectively. Results: A comparable proportion of PD and PSP/CBS patients reported lifetime headache (46.9% vs 23.8%; P = 0.06). TTH was more common, observed in 84.3%, 100%, and 93.5% of PD, PSP/CBS, and HCs with lifetime headache, respectively. A comparable proportion of participants in all three groups had bilateral ( P = 0.10), dull-aching headache ( P = 0.09), and occurring <5/month ( P > 0.99). The mean severity score of headache among three groups was comparable ( P = 0.39). Although the demographic and clinical characteristics of PSP/CBS patients with and without headache were comparable, PD patients with headache had a higher MDS-UPDRS-III score than those without. More than two-third PD and all PSP/CBS patients with lifetime headache reported headache improvement following parkinsonism onset. Conclusion: The prevalence and characteristics of migraine and TTH were comparable in PD, PSP/CBS, and HCs. Headache was associated with greater motor severity in PD. Following parkinsonism onset, headache improved in the majority of PD and PSP/CBS patients with lifetime headache.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".