Pre-trial Detention and Bail: Criminalization of Legally Innocent Women in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On an average day in Canada, more people are held in pretrial detention than those sentenced in custody.These legal processes harshly impact marginalized groups, particularly women because they have historically been stigmatized and discriminated against in the Criminal Justice System [CJS].This article identified how the pretrial detention and bail systems exacerbate the challenges women encounter when they engage with the legal system, intensifying the adversities they've previously experienced.To achieve this, we analyzed legal frameworks, principles, and practices through the lens of various feminist criminological perspectives.Our article highlights how historical mechanisms of control and punishment have perpetuated the subordination of women in a patriarchal setting.It's crucial to recognize that criminal law has often overlooked the distinct needs and realities of women, largely because these laws and procedures were crafted by men and tailored primarily to male experiences.Therefore, educational campaigns for legal actors raising awareness about the impact of their decisions on women's lives could be a short-term strategy for helping them to make informed and holistic choices. A B S T R A C TAu Canada, il y a actuellement plus de personnes en détention provisoire que de condamnées.Ces procédures judiciaires affectent profondément les groupes marginalisés, notamment les femmes, qui sont souvent stigmatisées et discriminées au sein du système de justice pénale.Cet article examine comment le système de détention provisoire et la libération sous caution pénalise davantage les femmes lorsqu'elles sont impliquées dans le système judiciaire, renforçant ainsi les préjudices qu'elles ont déjà subis.Pour ce faire, les cadres juridiques, les principes et les pratiques ont été analysés, et ce, sous différentes perspectives criminoloques féministes.Notre article souligne comment divers mécanismes de contrôle et de punition ont historiquement maintenu les femmes dans une position subordonnée dans un contexte patriarcal.Il importe de noter que le droit pénal n'a pas suffisamment pris en compte les besoins spécifiques et les réalités des femmes.En grande partie, parce que ces lois et procédures ont été conçues par des hommes et pour des hommes.Par conséquent, des campagnes éducatives destinées aux acteurs juridiques et visant à les sensibiliser à l'impact de leurs décisions sur la vie des femmes pourraient constituer une stratégie à court terme pour les aider à faire des choix éclairés et holistiques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.028 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".