Revisiting the phylogeny of the scolebythid wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) through Bayesian model evaluation and parsimony, with description of a new fossil family of Chrysidoidea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Scolebythidae constitute the smallest family of Aculeata in number of extant species, but with a considerable diversity of extinct lineages. Twenty Cretaceous species are attributed to the family coming from deposits in Canada, Lebanon, Myanmar, New Jersey, and Spain. However, several of these taxa lack characters of the family groundplan. Although phylogenetic investigations have been conducted for the family based on a relatively small set of morphological characters, the substantial diversity of species from Burmese amber have not yet been accounted for in a phylogenetic perspective. In the present work, we reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Scolebythidae using a new morphological matrix and explore it through parsimony and Bayesian model evaluation. In Bayesian analyses, homoplasy-based partitioning outperformed anatomy-based partitioning and the unpartitioned models. Our phylogenetic results support the relocation of a few taxa previously attributed to Scolebythidae to the families Bethylidae and Chrysididae. We also describe †Chrysopsenellidae fam. nov., a new family of Chrysidoidea, based on an inclusion in Burmese amber. In all analyses the new family is recovered as closely related to Scolebythidae, with the whole clade being sister-group to Chrysididae + †Chrysobythidae. Finally, we discuss the origin of the Burmese amber biota distinctiveness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".