Measurement of Electrophysiology, Sexual Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Diabetes Referred for Neuropathy Symptoms: A Case-Control Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The association between diabetic neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and sexual dysfunction together in patients with diabetes mellites (DM) is not assessed in prior studies. This study aimed to investigate the association between all these microvascular complications of DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 participants (110 diabetic patients and 52 non-diabetic subjects). Neuropathy was evaluated by neuropathy disability score (NDS) and neuropathy symptom score (NSS). Nerve conduction study (NCS), sural and radial sensory nerve action potential, sural/radial nerve amplitude ratio (SRAR), and tibial compound muscle action potential were measured. Participants underwent cognitive and sexual assessments by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Beck depression score, female sexual function index, and the male sexual function index questionnaires. Results: Both groups showed a decline in cognitive functions; however, diabetic patients had a significantly lower score in MoCA compared to the non-diabetic group (mean ± standard deviation: 20.98 ± 5.07, 23.17 ± 4.47; P value < 0.001). No statistical difference was observed regarding sexual activity (P value = 0.12 and 0.39 for female and male sexual function index), and Beck score (mean ± standard deviation: 8.56 ± 6.47, 8.96 ± 4.74; P value = 0.451) between the two groups. The NCS parameters were notably different in both groups. There were no differences between NCS, NDS, and NSS findings and sexual function. Conclusions: Our data suggest that NCS parameters, even SRAR, do not necessarily correlate with cognitive performance and sexual function. Sexual dysfunction was not correlated with diabetic neuropathy, but clinical findings of NDS and NSS showed a modestly negative correlation with cognitive function. J Neurol Res. 2023;13(1):50-55 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr752
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".