Index of consciousness monitoring during general anesthesia may effectively enhance rehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic urological surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Based on electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis, index of consciousness (IoC) monitoring is a new technique for monitoring anesthesia depth. IoC is divided into IoC 1 (depth of sedation) and IoC 2 (depth of analgesia). The potential for concurrent monitoring of IoC 1 and IoC 2 to expedite postoperative convalescence remains to be elucidated. We investigated whether combined monitoring of IoC 1 and IoC 2 can effectively enhances postoperative recovery compared with bispectral index (BIS) in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic urological surgery under general anesthesia. Methods In this prospective, controlled, double-blinded trail, 120 patients aged 65 years or older were arbitrarily assigned to either the IoC group or the control group (BIS monitoring). All patients underwent blood gas analysis at T 1 (before anesthesia induction) and T 2 (the end of operation). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered to all patients at T 0 (1 day before surgery) and T 4 (7 days after surgery). Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) were assessed at T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 (24 h after surgery). Postoperative complications and the duration of hospitalization were subjected to comparative evaluation. Results The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was notably lower in the IoC group (10%) than in the control group (31.7%) ( P = 0.003). Postoperative serum CRP and GFAP concentrations exhibited significant differences at time points T 2 (CRP: P = 0.000; GFAP: P = 0.000) and T 3 (CRP: P = 0.003; GFAP: P = 0.008). Postoperative blood glucose levels ( P = 0.000) and the overall rate of complications ( P = 0.037) were significantly lower in Group IoC than in Group control. Conclusion The employment of IoC monitoring for the management of elderly surgical patients can accelerate postoperative convalescence by mitigating intraopera t ive stress and reducing peripheral and central inflammatory injury. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900025241 (17/08/2019).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.087 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".