Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Open surgical urethroplasty is considered the gold standard for management of urethral strictures.The techniques and approach to urethroplasty are broad, as are postoperative imaging and surveillance strategies.In this study, we review our postoperative retrograde urethrograms (RUG) to evaluate if there is correlation between extravasation of contrast and functional surgical outcomes.Methods: This is a retrospective review of open anterior urethroplasties on cismale patients completed by two surgeons at one institution between September 2021 and February 2023.Patients with history of congenital hypospadias were excluded.RUGs were routinely completed at 3-4 weeks after surgery to evaluate for extravasation of contrast at the repair site.Surveillance cystoscopy was performed at the discretion of the surgeon depending on patient symptomatology.Results: Forty-five urethroplasties were completed in the study period.Eleven of 45 (24.4%) were excision and primary anastomosis and 34/45 (75.6%) were substitution with buccal mucosa graft.Postoperative RUG was completed on 41 patients with extravasation of contrast noted on six (14.6%) studies.Of those with extravasation, four were deemed mild and catheter was removed.The other two were managed with prolonged catheterization.One of six patients (16.7%) with extravasation at time of RUG had a symptomatic recurrence of their stricture and required reintervention at three months postop.Three of 35 patients (8.6%) whom had a normal RUG, had a symptomatic recurrence, and required intervention.Total retreatment rate of the cohort was 8.9% (4/45).Conclusions: Extravasation of contrast at the time of postoperative RUG from urethroplasty is relatively uncommon.Most of these patients still do well.We plan on continuing preforming routine postoperative RUGs as it guides duration of catheterization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.531 | 0.393 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".