Exploring How Reading Aloud and Vocabulary Enrichment Shape English Speaking Skills Among Indonesian Learners of English
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research was intended to analyze the effect of Reading Aloud and Vocabulary Enrichment on students’ English-Speaking Skills. A survey method was applied to get accurate information about the research respondents. The population was the students of STIEM Bongaya who were still active in the 2021-2022 academic year. Among them were 100 students taken to be the sample using Non-Probability Sampling with incidental sampling technique. The data collection used questionnaires, and the data analysis used multiple regression analysis techniques with the software program SPSS version 21. The research results indicated that Reading Aloud and Vocabulary Enrichment significantly affected students' Speaking Skills in English. Reading Aloud and Vocabulary Enrichment contribute 18.80% to students' Speaking Skill improvement. Therefore, it is recommended that the students read English reading material by voice to practice the tongue to pronounce English words supported by good mastery of English vocabulary.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it