Temperature‐insensitive and low‐loss single‐mode silicon waveguide crossing covering all optical communication bands enabled by curved anisotropic metamaterial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose two designs of low-loss and temperature-insensitive single-mode waveguide crossing on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform with 415-nm operation bandwidth covering all optical communication bands. Both designs are enabled by subwavelength grating (SWG) modeled as an anisotropic metamaterial. The initial design applies straight SWG as the lateral cladding of the waveguide crossing to minimize the refractive index contrast and reduce the insertion loss (IL), but needs a relatively long taper. An improved design is then proposed where the curved SWG is introduced to replace the straight SWG to decrease the taper length and improve the performance. The waveguide crossing with the improved design achieves a calculated maximum IL of 0.229 dB and maximum crosstalk of -35.6 dB over a 415-nm wavelength range from 1260 nm to 1675 nm. The proposed devices are fabricated and characterized. Measured results of the improved design show a maximum IL of 0.264 dB and maximum crosstalk of -30.9 dB over a 230-nm wavelength range including O-, C-, and L-bands, which accord well with the simulation. Low temperature sensitivity has also been demonstrated in both simulations and experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".