Aphanomyces astaci in Mexico: A new haplotype from dwarf crayfish Cambarellus montezumae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The crayfish plague is an emerging infectious disease caused by the pathogen Aphanomyces astaci (Oomycota), which is responsible for the decimation of Eurasian freshwater crayfish. This pathogen can coexist with the North American crayfish. These are chronic carriers of the disease as consequence of an immune response that can contain the growth of the pathogen without killing it. The origin of A. astaci locates in the southeastern United States and coincides with the origin of the family Cambaridae. This diverse family of decapods is distributed in North America from southern Canada to Honduras. However, only the native crayfish species from Canada and the USA have been examined for the presence of A. astaci. In this study, we describe for the first time the presence of A. astaci in Mexico in a population of the native species Cambarellus montezumae. By analyzing the small (rrnS) and large (rrnL) mitochondrial ribosomal regions, we showed the presence of two haplotypes of A. astaci within the same population (d1-haplotype and, a novel haplotype that was named, mex1-haplotype). The finding of A. astaci in Mexico confirms the occurrence of this pathogen within the range of the family Cambaridae. The individuals of C. montezumae appear to be chronic carriers of A. astaci, indicated by the lack of documented crayfish plague outbreaks in this population, similar to the pattern observed in other North American species. Thus, the results are of special concern to susceptible species of southern regions of America, i.e., Parastacidae. Therefore, this work emphasizes the need to better understand the distribution and genetic diversity of A. astaci within the distribution range of the natural carriers, i.e., North American species, especially the unexplored area of the family Cambaridae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".