Variability of index of absorbance difference (<i>I</i><sub>AD</sub>) to indicate fruit maturity at harvest for major apple cultivars in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the index of absorbance difference ( IAD) of four major apple cultivars in Ontario (‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Ambrosia’, ‘Gala’, and ‘McIntosh’) during the harvest window over multiple seasons (≥4 years), as well as its relationship with fruit firmness, internal ethylene concentration, and starch index values. IAD values differed among the four cultivars, with ‘McIntosh’ having the highest IAD (1.03–1.33) overall and ‘Gala’ having the lowest (0.19–0.56). Principal component analysis showed that the cultivars were separated into distinct groups. ‘Honeycrisp’ was clustered with starch and ethylene, while ‘Gala’ and ‘McIntosh’ were mainly clustered with firmness and IAD, respectively. Variable correlations between IAD and other maturity indices were found over the years. The negative relationship between IAD and ethylene for ‘Gala’ showed variability with R2 ranging from 0.008 in 2012 to 0.47 in 2018. The correlation between IAD and starch for ‘Gala’ was very strong ( rs = −0.82****) in 2018, whereas it was not significant in any year for ‘McIntosh’. Overall, IAD may relate to harvest maturity, but it did not correlate closely or consistently with other maturity indices, varied greatly year to year, and was cultivar dependent. IAD measures are not consistently related to fruit maturity every year, making reliability difficult to attain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".