Photocatalytic degradation of Orange-II by surfactant assisted Mn/Mg co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this research, the photocatalytic effect was studied for sol-gel synthesized Mn/Mg co-doped metal oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), which are encapsulated with anionic Gemini surfactant. The physicochemical properties of Mn/Mg co-doped TiO2 were investigated using a variety of characterization techniques, FT-IR, UV Vis-DRS, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, BET and PL. Characterization results reveal that Mn/Mg dopants stabilize TiO2 in the form of anatase phase and reduce the bandgap energy. Presence of strong chemical bonding and functional groups at the interface of dopant and TiO2 NPs was confirmed with FT-IR. The photocatalytic activity of these catalysts was assessed by the degradation of Orange II (AO7) using visible light irradiation. Of the variable nanomaterials MMT5-GS2 showed remarkable results. The photoluminescence studies revealed that OH radicals are the reactive species and responsible for oxidative photocatalytic degradation of Orange II.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".