2023 Canadian Urological Association/ Pediatric Urologists of Canada guideline: Pediatric patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) refers to abnormal function of the bladder, bladder neck, and/or sphincters associated with any neurologic disorder.1 Congenital pediatric NLUTD is mainly caused by spinal dysraphism, commonly spina bifida (SB). 2 Pediatric NLUTD is increasingly prevalent in Canada.A populationbased study conducted in Canada (excluding Quebec) from 2004-2015 showed that there were 4.4 cases of neural tube defects (NTDs) per 10 000 total births; however, the prevalence of NTDs increased from 3.6 in 2004 to 4.6 per 10 000 in 2015.Specifically, SB was the only NTD subtype with an increasing prevalence over time.3,4 Pediatric patients with NLUTD are at risk for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and upper tract damage leading to chronic kidney disease, necessitating early detection and management. 2 In addition, advances in prenatal diagnosis of congenital spinal dysraphism in Canada enable early detection and prenatal intervention.5,6 Managing the resultant pediatric NLUTD requires collaboration among various healthcare providers to ensure healthy long-term outcomes. Purpose and scopeThe Pediatric Urologists of Canada (PUC) and the Canadian Urological Association (CUA) collaborated to provide this guideline of evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of pediatric patients with NLUTD.The target readers of this guideline include pediatric urologists, general urologists, pediatricians, and allied health professionals with the goal of optimizing care and achieving improved subpopulation health outcomes.The definition, terminology, and classification of NLUTD are described in prior CUA clinical practice guidelines on adult patients with NLUTD, 7 which were adapted from the International Continence Society (ICS).8 For pediatric NLUTD-specific descriptions, we refer readers to the 2016 update report from the standardization committee of the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS).9 Specifically, for this guideline, the definition for bladder hostility encompasses bladders that are considered high risk for urologic morbidity and is summarized in Table 1, with relevant additional definitions and terminology for pediatric NLUTD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.032 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".