Overcoming the Obstacle of Reservoir Stimulation Through ICD Completion - The First Approach of Valvular Conduit for Inflow and Outflow Control Devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Horizontal wells often require production control along the open hole. This is achieved by installing appropriate Inflow Control Devices (ICD) configurations that introduce higher restrictions across flow dominant zones and less restrictions across poorer quality zones respectively. Although these restrictions are designed to allow normalized production across the entire horizontal section, it can adversely impact the control of injection rates across the horizontal section during acid stimulation jobs. This paper intends to discuss a new approach to overcome these limitations and allow injection of the desired rates resulting in more effective acid stimulation works. To overcome injection rate limitation during stimulation, a new valvular conduit flow profile was tested for ICD application. It relies on dynamic diversions and collisions of the fluid flow in series to provide restrictions, hence pressure drop. The valvular conduit geometries were adjusted to achieve desired flow restrictions that are equivalent to nozzle ICD in production direction. When the flow is reversed, valvular conduit profile ICD significantly reduces fluid diversions and collisions resulting in higher rate in injection direction for the same applied pressure drop. These unique features were taken into ICD near wellbore modelling workflow in conjunction with available well and reservoir properties to evaluate its performance and operating envelope. Furthermore, stimulation model was studied for the new completion impact on fluid distributions as well as acid penetration in to the reservoir matrix.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".