Wives, Mothers, and ‘Others’: Women within Families
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Susan Heinrichs Klassen (1902-1989) spent the better part of her adult life bearing and raising children.Married in 1920 at the age of seventeen, she bore her first child when she was eighteen, and fourteen more over the next twenty-four years.Descended from immigrants from Russia in 1875, she married a man who became a well-known Mennonite church leader in southern Manitoba.A candid woman, she at times expressed resentment at the overwhelming demands of the household and child-rearing labour that she carried almost alone, as her husband was often taken away, physically and mentally, by his church work. 1 Today, the baseball-team-size family is a rarity and an oddity, but in early twentieth-century rural Mennonite communities, families like the Klassens were only slightly larger than most; my own grandmother raised thirteen children while her neighbour bore twelve.Mary Snider (1863-1930), who lived in the Waterloo, Ontario, area, never married.In 1896 she became matron of the newly established Berlin (now Kitchener) orphanage, an institution that undoubtedly created for Mary the sense of herself as mother to a "busy household of children."She eventually adopted a baby boy who was left in a basket on the doorstep of the orphanage, and thus stood outside the norms of her era by choosing single parenthood.Her son Edward died suddenly in his mid-twenties, and Mary, reportedly C H A P T E R T W O W i v e s , M o t h e r s , a n d ' O t h e r s ' : Wo m
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".