Quinoa as Functional Food? Urinary elimination of ecdysterone after consumption of quinoa alone and in combination with spinach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The phytosteroid ecdysterone is included on the monitoring list of the World Anti-Doping Agency. Therefore, the consumption of food rich in ecdysterone is the focus of a lively debate. Thus, urinary excretion of ecdysterone and its metabolites in humans was investigated following quinoa consumption alone and in combination with spinach. After intake of both preparations, ecdysterone and two metabolites were excreted in urine. Maximum concentrations of ecdysterone ranged from 0.44–5.50µg/mL after quinoa and 0.34– 4.09µg/mL after quinoa with spinach. The total urinary excreted amount as parent drug plus metabolites was 2.60(1.09)% following quinoa and 1.71(0.86)% after combination. Significant differences were found in total urinary excreted amounts of ecdysterone, 14-deoxy-ecdysterone, and 14-deoxy-poststerone. In conclusion, only small proportions of ecdysterone from quinoa and the combination with spinach were excreted in urine. The results indicate that both, quinoa and spinach, are poor sources of ecdysterone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".