Abstract P431: SARS-CoV-2-induced Inflammation In Human Endothelial Cells Involves ACE2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with hypertension, where endotheliitis and endothelial dysfunction are risk factors. Considering the relationship between the viral spike protein and ACE2, it is unclear whether this interaction is merely a mechanism of infection or whether contributes to vascular injury induced by SARS-CoV-2. Here we tested whether ACE2 acts as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 pro-inflammatory responses, independently of ACE2 enzymatic function, in human endothelial cells (ECs). ECs and ACE2-expressing HEK cells were exposed to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [(rS1p) 0.66 μg/mL] for 24h. Gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR and cytokine release was assessed by ELISA. Protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting. ACE2 was blocked by MLN4760 (ACE2 inhibitor) and siRNA. Label-free quantitation of full proteome of ECs after rS1p exposure or ACE2 co-immunoprecipitation was performed. Co-localization studies were performed by confocal microscopy. Proteomics identified 1150 proteins associated with NFκB signalling and inflammation. 21 proteins were found to be differentially expressed vs vehicle-treated cells (fold change >2, p<0.05), including upregulation of ICAM-1. rS1p increased levels of IL6 (1221.2±18.3 vs. C:22.77±3.2 pg/mL); ICAM1 (17.7±3.1 vs. C:3.9±0.4 AU); PAI1 (5.6±0.7 vs. C: 2.9±0.2) and NFκB activation (0.13±0.004 vs. C:0.06±0.01 AU); p<0.05. MLN4760 and ACE2 siRNA blocked rS1P effects. rS1p did not alter ACE2 enzymatic activity. HEK-ACE2 cells had increased IL-8 (78.7±8 vs. C:56.2±4 pg/mL), while rS1p induced IL-8 production only in HEK expressing ACE2 (ACE2:112.8±5.3 vs. C:60.3±3.3 pg/mL); p<0.05. ACE2 CO-IP proteomics identified 216 proteins (filtered with ≥1 unique peptide, 1% FDR) along with ACE-2 (11 peptides). Potential candidate interacting proteins include caveolin 1 (Cav 1). Co-localization studies confirmed interactions between ACE2/Cav-1 in ECs, which was lost after rS1p stimulation. SARS-CoV2 spike protein induces pro-inflammatory responses in ECs via receptor-like function of ACE2. These molecular processes may contribute to vascular damage after COVID-19.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".