Distribution of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) in the North Atlantic Ocean by season, sex, and life stage, based on tag and recapture data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Movements of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) by life stage are largely unknown yet are necessary to determine essential fish habitat and sustainable fishery management practices. In an effort to elucidate distribution and movements of the tiger shark, we analyzed fishery-dependent and -independent tag (sample size [n]=10,516) and recapture (n=762) records for sharks caught in the North Atlantic Ocean during 1963–2018. Seasonal distribution of the tiger shark was examined by life stage—young of the year, juveniles (immature), and adults (mature)—and distribution patterns were used to identify potential nursery habitat. Tiger sharks were caught over a wide area from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada, south to Brazil and from coastal to offshore waters and into the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Seasonal north–south movements were observed in all life stages, and 14 immature sharks were found to have migrated from the western to the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. A broad nursery area and a potential birthing area were identified on the continental shelf between Florida and Georgia on the basis of the repeated presence of neonates in summer across years and of the recapture of multiple tagged young-of-the-year sharks from the same location over a period of at least 2 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".