Tensile Mechanical Properties of Dry Cortical Bone Extracellular Matrix: A Comparison Among Two Osteogenesis Imperfecta and One Healthy Control Iliac Crest Biopsies
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic, collagen‐related bone disease that increases the incidence of bone fractures. Still, the origin of this brittle mechanical behavior remains unclear. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of OI bone exhibits a higher degree of bone mineralization (DBM), whereas compressive mechanical properties at the ECM level do not appear to be inferior to healthy bone. However, it is unknown if collagen defects alter ECM tensile properties. This study aims to quantify the tensile properties of healthy and OI bone ECM. In three transiliac biopsies (healthy n = 1, OI type I n = 1, OI type III n = 1), 23 microtensile specimens (gauge dimensions 10 × 5 × 2 μm 3 ) were manufactured and loaded quasi‐statically under tension in vacuum condition. The resulting loading modulus and ultimate strength were extracted. Interestingly, tensile properties in OI bone ECM were not inferior compared to controls. All specimens revealed a brittle failure behavior. Fracture surfaces were graded according to their mineralized collagen fibers (MCF) orientation into axial, mixed, and transversal fracture surface types (FST). Furthermore, tissue mineral density (TMD) of the biopsy cortices was extracted from micro–computed tomogra[hy (μCT) images. Both FST and TMD are significant factors to predict loading modulus and ultimate strength with an adjusted R 2 of 0.556 ( p = 2.65e−05) and 0.46 ( p = 2.2e−04), respectively. The influence of MCF orientation and DBM on the mechanical properties of the neighboring ECM was further verified with quantitative polarized Raman spectroscopy (qPRS) and site‐matched nanoindentation. MCF orientation and DBM were extracted from the qPRS spectrum, and a second mechanical model was developed to predict the indentation modulus with MCF orientation and DBM ( R 2 = 67.4%, p = 7.73e−07). The tensile mechanical properties of the cortical bone ECM of two OI iliac crest biopsies are not lower than the one from a healthy and are primarily dependent on MCF orientation and DBM. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it