Transitions into adulthood for people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A scoping review of promising practices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a leading known cause of developmental disabilities in Canada. Youth with FASD often experience challenges while transitioning to the expectations of adulthood. Research has demonstrated that appropriate supports in the transition to adulthood and throughout the lifespan may help mitigate these challenges. Literature that examined strategies, programs, and/or supports for youth with FASD entering adulthood was the focus of this inquiry. To better understand the scope and recommendations of strategies, programs, and supports for youth with FASD who are transitioning to adulthood, this scoping review examined peer-reviewed and grey literature from 2005 – 2020 to answer the following questions: 1) What is the scope of existing strategies, programs, and supports for youth with FASD who are transitioning to adulthood?; 2) What recommendations are provided from existing strategies, programs, and supports assisting youth with FASD as they transition to the expectations of adulthood? The scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Findings from the review are reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), and the PRISMA extension for searching (PRISMA-S). Twenty-one peer-reviewed sources were included in the final review. Studies largely focused on one of three areas: 1) programs supporting youth with FASD and their families, 2) lived experiences of individuals with FASD during the transition to adulthood, or 3) preventing adverse outcomes. Recommendations from included studies highlighted the importance of programs and supports that demonstrate an understanding of FASD and emphasize relationship-building, the benefits of obtaining an FASD diagnosis, the notable gap in services for individuals who have transitioned to adulthood, and the importance of consistent advocates in the lives of youth with FASD. Implications for educators, employers, service providers, and caregivers who support youth with FASD are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".