The origin of planar lamination in fine‐grained sediment deposited by subaqueous sediment gravity flows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Planar lamination is a ubiquitous component of modern and ancient fine‐grained sediments deposited by subaqueous sediment gravity flows. These sediments commonly exhibit alternating sub‐millimetre‐thick, sharply bounded silt‐rich and clay‐rich layers that change little in thickness or sediment texture over lateral distances that range up to at least several tens of metres. Silt‐rich layers are moderately to well‐sorted and a few tens to hundreds of microns to a single silt‐grain thick. In contrast, clay‐rich layers are more poorly sorted, and a few tens to hundreds of microns thick. The thickness and regular alternation of these texturally differentiated interlayers, in addition to the absence of features suggesting transport bypass or deposition by migrating rugged bed forms, suggest alternating physical processes and related modes of deposition in the near‐bed region immediately above the bed. Previous interpretations have focussed on clay flocculation, which is difficult to reconcile with the high fluid shear conditions in the near‐bed region. Here it is suggested that in the millimetre to sub‐millimetre‐thick viscous sublayer at the base of a hydraulically smooth turbulent flow, a combination of high fluid shear and sediment concentration initially leads to shear thinning and enhanced mobility in the lower part of the flow, and for silt to continue settling to the bed forming a well‐sorted silt lamina. As silt settles and clay‐size sediment increases in concentration, hydrodynamic lubrication forces strengthen and reduce mobility of the near‐bed part of the flow. This condition is then perturbed by a bedward‐directed outer flow disturbance that dramatically increases frictional stresses and effective fluid viscosity and ultimately shear jamming that causes gelling and deposition of a poorly sorted clay‐rich layer. This process is then repeated multiple times to build up a deposit composed of alternating silt‐rich and clay‐rich laminae overlain by structureless mud deposited directly from suspension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".