Prevalence and Quality of Life among Overweight and Obese Women with Different Severity and Types of Urinary Incontinence
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Urinary incontinence (UI) is an involuntary leakage of urine and affects the social, physical, and psychological aspects of many individuals worldwide. The purpose of our study was to examine the prevalence, quality of life (QoL), severity, and different types of UI in overweight and obese women. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,351 consecutive patients, who were recruited between June 2021 and May 2022. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.7 ± 14.2 years with less than a half in the 19-35-year age group (46.9%); 65% of the subjects were overweight or obese. The overall prevalence of UI was 61.2%. Overweight and obesity accounted to 70.2% of patients with mild to very severe UI. The risk estimates to have UI were 1.84 in overweight and 5.4 in obese group. The risk estimate for severe and very severe UI was 2.33 in overweight and 10.34 in obese group. When considering all subtypes, 67.9% of women with overweight and obesity had any of the subtypes, urge UI, stress UI, and mixed UI. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with poor QoL in women with UI (p < 0.0001). Among 36.1% of all patients with poor QoL, 79.9% were overweight and obese. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are important risk factors of UI affecting daily activity and QOL considerably. As the number of people with obesity is increasing, the prevalence of UI with increased severity is likely to increase in young to mid-aged women. Weight loss should be considered as first-line treatment for this patient population.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it