Acute Renal Failure in Children Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the incidence, implicating factors and outcome of acute renal failure after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit. Design: Prospective observational pilot study. Setting: A 14 bed paediatric intensive care unit in a university affiliated, tertiary care referral children’s hospital. Patients: One hundred and one children (less than sixteen years of age) admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit following cardiopulmonary bypass between June 2003 and May 2004. Interventions: None Measurements and Main Results: PRISM-III score was calculated on admission. Baseline admission urea (mmol/L) and creatinine (μmol/L) serum levels and highest urea and creatinine levels were measured. Urine output (mL/kg/hour) and frusemide dose (mg/kg/day) were also noted. A baseline inotrope score was calculated on admission and the highest inotrope score was noted based on maximum infused doses of inotrope in the first 36 hours. The surgical procedure was used to determine a Jenkins score. Eleven (11%) children developed acute renal injury (doubling of creatinine), one child (1%) developed acute renal failure (tripling of creatinine) and one child died (1%). No child required dialysis for acute renal failure and none developed chronic renal impairment. Low cardiac output was the only significant risk factor identified for developing acute renal injury or failure. Conclusions: Acute renal injury is common and occurred in 11% of our children following congenital cardiac surgery, but acute renal failure requiring dialysis is uncommon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".