Transferability of European-derived Alzheimer’s Disease Polygenic Risk Scores across Multi-Ancestry Populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A polygenic score (PGS) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was recently derived from data on genome-wide significant loci in European ancestry populations. We applied this PGS to populations in 17 European countries and observed a consistent association with AD risk, age at onset, and cerebrospinal fluid levels of AD biomarkers, independently of apolipoprotein E (APOE) . This PGS was also associated with the AD risk in many other populations of diverse ancestries. A cross-ancestry polygenic risk score (PRS) improved the association with AD risk in most of the multi-ancestry populations tested when the APOE region was included. Lastly, we found that the PGS/PRS, captured AD-specific information because the association weakened as the diagnosis was broadened. In conclusion, a simple PGS captures the AD-specific genetic information that is common to populations of different ancestries, but studies of more diverse populations are still needed for a better characterization of the AD genetics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".