Exploring the Impact of Social Exchange Factors on Organizational Commitment: A Study of Development Bank of Ethiopian Amhara Region Branches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the extensive research on organizational commitment, studies that specifically examine the impact of social exchange factors on organizational commitment are needed. More empirical evidence of the effects of social exchange is necessary because most studies have been conducted in developed countries, and less is done in the context of development banks in Ethiopia. Consequently, this research aims to examine the impact of social exchange factors on organizational commitment among Bank employees by investigating the association between work environment, job security, pay satisfaction, and involvement in decision-making with employees' organizational commitment. Using a census sampling technique, 208 employees filled out Likert-scale questionnaires to collect cross-sectional data and utilized multiple linear regression to test the hypothesis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to examine the data using STATA 17. The findings indicate that the mean value for job security, pay satisfaction, Participation in decision-making, and organizational Commitment was above average. Weighted least square estimation was fitted where Payment satisfaction (B=0.202, P_value<0.06), job security (B=0.25, P_value<0.001), Participation in decision making (B=0.28, P_value<0.001) were significant and had a positive effect however work environment (B=0.05, P_value<0.48) is not effective at a 5% level of significance. This W.L.S. result suggests that employees are committed to D.B.E. However, the work environment was insignificantly related to organizational commitment.In conclusion, the results indicate that job security, pay satisfaction, and Participation in decision-making are significant determinants of organizational commitment. However, the work environment has little impact on employees' commitment to the organization; these help the Bank continue its strategy with moderate changes for the best outcome above average, develop strategies to enhance employee commitment and improve organizational performance. The study highlights the importance of job security, fair compensation, and the opportunity for employees to participate in decision-making processes to increase commitments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".